Political and Legal Framework for Regulating the Migration and Labour Mobility of Chinese Citizens in Central Asia

Abstract

This article provides a comparative analysis of the political and legal mechanisms regulating the migration and labour mobility of Chinese citizens in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. It examines the national legislation of the receiving states, China’s system for dispatching workers abroad, visa facilitation measures, and the role of the EAEU, the SCO, and the “China–Central Asia” format. It also addresses migration statistics, the protection of labour rights, the responsibilities of employers and subcontractors, information transparency, and the training of local personnel. The article argues that effective governance should be based on a clear differentiation of legal statuses, a transparent permit system, and coordinated statistical accounting