Theoretical and methodological foundations of phonological gradual relations in modern linguistics

Abstract

This article examines the theoretical foundations of phonological gradience and its development in world and Uzbek linguistics. Particular attention is paid to the views of the Prague Linguistic School, the theories of phonological opposition and gradual relations, as well as studies on prosodic units in French and Uzbek languages. The paper analyzes the scientific approaches of Ivan Baudouin de Courtenay, Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Roman Jakobson, Edward Sapir, André Martinet, Pierre Delattre and Uzbek linguists. The study reveals the systemic and functional features of gradual relations between segmental and suprasegmental units and their role in the formation of the phonological system of language. Based on a comparative analysis of French and Uzbek, the universal nature of phonological gradience is substantiated.