Mechanisms for Ensuring Social Sustainability through Environmental Education in the Era of Globalization

Abstract

Globalization has intensified environmental, social, and economic interdependencies, creating both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. Social sustainability—the capacity of societies to ensure equity, well-being, and cohesion while respecting ecological limits—has become a central concern. Environmental education (EE) and education for sustainable development (ESD) are increasingly recognized as critical drivers for fostering the values, competencies, and collective actions necessary for social sustainability. This article explores the mechanisms through which environmental education can enhance social sustainability in a globalized world. It synthesizes theoretical perspectives from critical pedagogy, social-ecological systems, and global citizenship education to propose a multi-level framework. Key mechanisms include: integrating social justice into environmental curricula; fostering global–local connections through place-based and globally networked learning; building participatory governance structures; strengthening community–school partnerships; leveraging digital technologies for transnational collaboration; and embedding sustainability competencies into teacher education. The article argues that in the context of globalization, environmental education must go beyond ecological awareness to actively address social inequalities, cultural diversity, and democratic participation. It concludes with policy recommendations and a research agenda for strengthening the contribution of environmental education to socially sustainable futures.